Simple Correlation Coefficients Research Articles

Building a self-vitality scale for physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate

The study aimed to:
 
 Building a scale (self-vitality) for physical education teachers in Salah al-DiGovernorate.
 Identifying the level of personal vitality among physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate.
 
 The researcher used the descriptive method (survey and correlational) because it suits the nature of the research problem.
 The research community consisted of (238) teachers of physical education in secondary schools in Salah al-Din Governorate for the academic year (2022-2023), where the research sample was chosen intentionally and consisted of (238) teachers, representing a percentage of (100%) of the total research community.
 The construction sample included (128) physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate, and they were selected by a simple random method (lottery) with a percentage of (53.78%) from the overall research population. The application sample included (78) physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate. Religion (32.77%) of the total research community.
 The researchers used statistical data through (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test for two independent samples, Pearson’s simple correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the hypothesised mean equation).
 The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which                       
 In light of the results of the research reached by the researcher, he concluded the following: -
 1- Physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate possess a vital self-ability to motivate themselves that enables and qualifies them to accomplish various tasks in the internal and external school environment.
 2- Physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate possess a state of clear balance and the ability to combine physical and psychological requirements through the physical education lesson and the ability to improve the psychological state of their students.
 In light of the conclusions, the researcher reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which are:
 1- The need for the Ministry of Education, especially physical education teachers, to support programs to develop the level of personal vitality and realize their importance in enhancing their positive job performance among its teaching staff, especially physical education teachers.
 2- Encouraging secondary school administrations to adopt the foundations and dimensions of personal vitality, especially among physical education teachers, which is considered the basis for developing the level of their functional abilities.                                                       

Time Series Analysis of Agricultural Drought and Desertification using Spectral Indices and Satellite Images

The aim of study to time series analysis of agricultural drought and desertification using Spectral Indices and Landsat Images. A time series of satellite images (TM and OLI) were coducted for the period 1990 to 2022. The located at coordinate 34°52'29.386"N and 43°26'15.703" E and the area study is (33.98) km2. The (18) eighteen of satellite images were selected and then image processing was carried out using ERDAS imagen Ver 15 and ArcGIS 10.6. The spectral indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temprature (LST), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Vegetation Health Idex (VHI) were calculated. The regression and correlation coefficient between rainfall and spectral indices were determined using SPSS programm. The result show that VHI at 1990, 2000 and 2010 are sever drought class and its area 63.66, 57.63 and 63.85% respectively. In addition, the simple linear regression and correlation coefficient were positive between a rainfall and spectral indices reach ≥ 0.70. The years 1998, 2008, 2013 and 2022 were suffering from sever drought and desertification compared with 2006, 2016 and 2019, respectively. 

Methodology of the accelerated aging test in tiny tomato seeds (solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)

The objective of this study was to study whether the variations in the performance of the accelerated aging test, in terms of exposure time and temperature involved in the test methodology, performed in the traditional way or in saturated salt solution, would result in an efficient combination to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds tiny tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). The seeds were submitted to the tests of total germination, germination speed index, first germination count, substrate emergence, seedling length, seedling dry matter, cold test, electrical conductivity and variations in the conduction of the accelerated aging test. The treatments (36, 38, 40 and 42 ºC) x exposure time (24, 36, 48 and 72 hours) x procedures (traditional and saline) were used, with four replications each lot. The averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The simple correlation coefficient (r) between the accelerated aging test results and the emergence test of substrate seedlings was also determined. The traditional accelerated aging test in the combinations of 24 hours at 36 °C and the accelerated aging test with saline in the combinations of 72 hours at 36 °C showed sensitivity for the evaluation of the physiological potential of tiny tomato seeds. For both accelerated aging tests, the temperature of 36 °C was efficient for the evaluation of the physiological potential of tiny tomato seeds.

The role of strategic Renewal in organizational immunity - analytical research in the Iraqi Ministry of Education

The current study aims to demonstrate the role of strategic renewal  in enhancing organizational immunity through strategic renewal  mechanisms represented by (Reanimating, Rejuvenation, Venturing, and restructuring). The main idea of this study relates to the extent to which organizations’ immunity is achieved through strategic Renewal  mechanisms, by measuring these dimensions with Organizational immunity represented by organizational learning, organizational memory, and organizational DNA. The study population was the headquarters of the Iraqi Ministry of Education, and the sample included (330) individuals from the upper, middle, and lower leadership levels. Several statistical methods were used to deal with the results of the questionnaire, especially the simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) and descriptive analysis methods using (SPSS.v23, AMOS.v25). The most important conclusion of the study was the presence of a clear and significant impact of strategic Renewal  in building and designing the immune system of organizations.

The research aims to Building a measure of cognitive achievement of the futsal law for students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the College of Basic Education - University of Mosul.The researcher used the descriptive method


 The research aims to Building a measure of cognitive achievement of the futsal law for students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the College of Basic Education - University of Mosul.The researcher used the descriptive method for its suitability to the problem of the research and its experience, as the research sample consisted of students of the third year of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - College of Basic Education - University of Mosul for the academic year (2019-2020) and their number (77) students distributed in three classrooms, The number of students in the first hall is (26), the second (25) and the third (26), due to the fact that this subject is taught for this stage of study. The researcher used the statistical bag (25 SPSS) and using the related statistical laws (percentage, arithmetic mean, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson)., Standard deviation, (t) test for the significance of differences between the averages of the related samples., (T) test for differences Among the averages for (independent) unrelated samples, chi test, Spearman's correction equation (coefficient of stability x 2) / (1 + coefficient of stability), torsion modulus(, The researcher reached the following conclusion The building of the cognitive achievement measure of the futsal law for students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the College of Basic Education – University, In light of the results obtained, the researcher recommends the following- Adopting the measure of cognitive achievement prepared by the researcher in this study, Conducting studies similar to the current study of other team games laws.
 
  

Impact of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infestation on maize growth characteristics and yield loss.

The fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith, 1797)] is an invasive and polyphagous insect that infests cereal crops, causing economic losses, and may be led to pose a threat to future the global maize crop in the future. Field trials were conducted to study the negative impacts of S. frugiperda on vegetative growth measurements, yield, and the components of the maize cultivar (Single-Hybrid 168 Yellow) in Luxor Governorate, Egypt. S. frugiperda larvae infestation to maize plants was observed in the 3rd week of June and so continued till the harvest in both 2021 and 2022 seasons. S. frugiperda had three peaks of the seasonal activity/season in the untreated (pesticide-free, control) and in the treated main plots by pesticides. Maize vegetative growth attributes (averages of plant height, stem diameter, and the number of green leaves per plant) displayed higher rates of the treated maize plants by insecticides against S. frugiperda. Maize grain, straw, and biological yield (kg/ha) were decreased in the untreated maize plants (insecticides free) than in the treated by insecticides. Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants. Also, the FAW infestation to untreated maize plants was decreased well in all calculated maize growth attributes, i.e., grain yield, and components. Regarding the relationship between variations in a given variable and the changes in S. frugiperda larvae numbers and plant damage percentage, the simple correlation and regression coefficient revealed a highly significant negative relationship in all the parameters tested. The obtained information may help farmers and decision-makers in the management of FAW populations based on an effective plan related to control measures that should be implemented.

THE IMPACT OF USING THE ART OF ETIQUETTE FOR WORKING INDIVIDUALS ON THE QUALITY OF SERVICES PROVIDED (A SAMPLE STUDY OF RESTAURANTS IN THE HOLY CITY OF KARBALA)

Through the current study, through its sections, the researcher aims to verify the relationship and effect of using the art of etiquette as an independent variable in increasing the quality of human resources. The study began with a central problem represented by the question: What role does the use of the art of etiquette play for individuals working in increasing the quality of services for human resources working in restaurants? The research sample. Several measures were adopted to measure the study's variables, some of which were ready and some appropriate to the nature of the variable. The independent variable included the art of etiquette, the importance of it, not its triviality. The second independent variable was the quality of services, and the variables' interaction formed the study's general framework. We also discussed in the study, from its applied aspect, a group of restaurants. Holy Karbala, as several main and subsidiary hypotheses emerged. To answer the questions, achieve the research goal, and test the validity of the study hypotheses, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted as a fundamental approach to the research, and the questionnaire was used as an essential tool in all data and information for the study, and to analyze and treat the data statistically. The standard distribution test and confirmatory factor analysis were adopted as a structural test to measure the validity of the approved measures and a set of descriptive statistics. (Pearson simple correlation coefficient) to determine simple and multiple influence relationships between variables. Statistical programs (SPSS V.23: Amos V.23) were used in it, as the study population represented the surveyed restaurants, the study sample, which numbered (50) in five restaurants in the city of Holy Karbala, in addition to some personal interviews, and several conclusions were reached through the study, the most prominent of which was (the culture of etiquette left no room for discussion, as etiquette is an intertwined art and has many types of applications).

The yield performance of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under different planting times

Adoption of graded and certified seeds for planting has a high demand among the farmers at Kirkuk city, where maize has different way of consumption like a staple food, forge crop and raw material for industry. This study aimed to evaluate common domestic maize genotype, against the modern maize genotype under different summer planting times at the district of Kirkuk - Kirkuk governorate, Iraq. The study include two genotypes of maize, (Bohoth106 modern genotype and domestic maize genotype) and three planting times (early-July, mid-July and late-July). The experiment was established in three replicate blocks under randomized complete block design. The results showed that Bohoth106 which planted at mid-July had a significant performance, in traits kernels weight per ear (164.5 g), grain yield (11.2 t.ha-1), Stover yield (25.1 t.ha-1) and biomass yield (36.2 t.ha-1). Whereas, the lowest values were observed in the interaction between domestic maize with early-July planting time. Simple correlation coefficients revealed that grain yield positively and significantly correlated with leaf area index, Stover yield, biomass yield, grain Stover ratio and harvest index. According to the presented results farmers can cultivate Bohoth106 at mid-July till late-July to achieve high grain yield during summer planting time in Kirkuk district, Iraq. Keywords: Maize yield, Genotypes, Planting times, Regression relationship.

Application of Big Data-based Information Technology in Business English Courses in Colleges and Universities

Abstract In this paper, after using Cool Edit Pro2.1 software to complete the speech signal acquisition work, the DTW method is used to pre-emphasize the speech signal. Due to the small continuous correlation between adjacent frames, the use of windowing and frame-splitting operation makes the amplitude change of the speech signal smooth and obtains the spectral envelope of the speech signal. The negative impact of MFCC feature parameter extraction is optimized by parameterizing the volume intensity and fundamental trajectory, and the application of the English scoring mechanism in business English education is explored. According to the current situation of business English teaching in colleges and universities, research problems and sampling objects are identified, and statistical analysis is applied to analyze the teaching effect of business English informatization by example. The results show that the speech evaluation system of spoken business English based on DTW does not differ much from the similar results of the scoring of the master’s degree of English majors in our university, and its difference value always stays between 1 and 10. In terms of the simple correlation coefficient and significance level (0.01), the simple correlation coefficient between teaching effectiveness and the use of technological media is 0.385 (P=0.00), which means that there is a significant correlation between both teaching effectiveness and the use of technological media. This study improves the standardization of English pronunciation among students, which is important for the development of business English in colleges and universities.

ANALISIS STIMULUS KERJA DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANCE PEGAWAI PADA BALAI PELESTARIAN KEBUDAYAAN WILAYAH IX

Performance is a very important thing that describes the level of achievement of implementing activities in realizing the goals, objectives, vision and mission of an organization or company as outlined in the planning strategy of an organization or company. However, in reality there is a decline in performance because there are still many employees who arrive late to work and are less than optimal in completing daily tasks (daily log), so that the completion of work targets still does not meet the targets. This research aims to determine the effect of work motivation on the performance of employees at the Balai Pelestraian Kebudayaan Wilayah IX. The population in this research was carried out on all 50 employees, where all employees were respondents. The sampling technique used in this research was saturated sampling. The analytical method in this research uses simple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, and coefficient of determination.The independent variable in this study is work motivation as the independent variable, while employee performance is the dependent variable. This research uses quantitative research methods through descriptive analysis and verification, this research uses a saturated sample or census technique because it takes all objects that are members of the population as samples. The findings of the research results show that there is a motivational influence on employee performance at the Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah IX.

PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KARIR PNS PEJABAT STRUKTURAL PADA KANTOR PEMERINTAH PROVINSI NTB

This research aims to see the influence of individual characteristics on the career development of structural civil servant officials at the NTB Provincial Government office. The formulation of the problem in this research is whether individual characteristics influence the career development of structural civil servants at the NTB Provincial Government office ?. This research is quantitative descriptive research. The population of this research is the total number of Civil Servants in the regional government offices of West Nusa Tenggara Province who occupy structural positions, namely 1,027 people. The sample was taken using the Slovin formula, so the sample size was 91.12 rounded up to 91 people. Simple multiple linear regression analysis, T-test, and correlation coefficient are the data analysis methods used. The results of the research that has been conducted show that the individual characteristics variable has a positive influence on career development. So it can be concluded that the proposed research hypothesis is completely accepted.

THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND LEARNING INTEREST ON LEARNING OUTCOMES (Case Study of Class X, XI and XII Students of SMA N 1 Tondano)

The Influence of the School Environment and Interest in Learning on Student Learning Outcomes. The aims of this research are; 1) To determine the influence of the school environment on student learning outcomes; 2) To determine the influence of learning interest on student learning outcomes; 3) To determine the influence of the school environment and interest in learning on student learning outcomes. This research is quantitative research. The population in this study was 160 people and the sample was 40 people. The data collection techniques used in this research were questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The instrument test in this research used validity and reliability tests. Of the 15 statements for variable X1 and 15 statements for X2 given to respondents, all were declared valid and both variables were reliable. The hypothesis test used in this research is; 1) Hypotheses 1 and 2 use simple regression, simple correlation, t test and determinant coefficient; 2) Hypothesis 3 uses multiple regression, multiple correlation, F test and determinant coefficient. The results of data analysis state that; 1) There is an influence of the school environment on student learning outcomes by 74%; 2) There is an influence of the school environment and interest in learning on student learning outcomes by 66%; 3) There is an influence of the school environment and interest in learning on student learning outcomes by 78%.

Studi Hubungan Self-Efficacy terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif pada Mahasiswa PGSD Surakarta UNS

<em>This research aims to find out whether there is a relationship between the self-efficacy variable and the cognitive learning outcome variable. The research design taken is correlational research with data collection techniques in the form of tests and scales. The research population is the entire student PGSD UNS Forces 2021. Sampling is done using the random cluster sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is simple correlation coefficient analysis. From the results of data analysis can be drawn the conclusion that there is no positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and cognitive learning outcomes with the acquisition of a significance value of 0,657 > 0,05 with a pearson correlation value of -0,054.</em>

Destructive computing with winner-lose-all competition in multi-layered neural networks

The present paper aims to propose a new learning method based on destructive computing, contrary to the conventional progressive computing or the steady-step learning. In spite of the existence of a large amount of biased or distorted information in inputs, the conventional learning methods fundamentally aim to gradually acquire information that is as faithful as possible to inputs, which has prevented us from acquiring intrinsic information hidden in the deepest level of inputs. At this time, it is permitted to suppose a leap to that level by changing information at hand not gradually but drastically. In particular, for the really drastic change of information, we introduce the winner-lose-all (WLA) to drastically destroy the supposedly most important information for immediately reaching or leaping to intrinsic information, hidden in complicated inputs. The method was applied to a target-marketing problem. The experimental results show that, with the new method, multi-layered neural networks had an ability to disentangle complicated network configurations into the simplest ones with simple and independent correlation coefficients between inputs and targets. This was realized by drastically changing the information content in the course of learning and, correspondingly, by mixing regular and irregular properties over connection weights.

Relationship models between egg weight and internal quality of Alabio duck eggs (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo)

This research aimed to determine the relationship models and phenotypic correlation between the egg weight of Alabio duck (Anas Platyrhynchos Borneo) and the Haugh unit (HU), albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, and yolk index. Five hundred eggs weighing 65.7 ± 4.62 g were collected from a flock of 32-week-old commercial laying hens as objects for this experiment. The observed variables were egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, and yolk index. The data was analyzed using simple linear regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). A significant correlation (P < 0.05) was found between egg weight and HU, albumen weight, yolk weight, and yolk index., with an r of -0.11, 0.83, 0.70, and 0.19, respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between egg weight and albumen index (P > 0.05). These results indicated that egg weight could be used as a variable to appropriately predict albumen weight and yolk weight with the equations y = -0.11 + 0.56x and y = -2.10 + 0.37x for albumen and yolk weight, respectively. However, egg weight as a single variable could not accurately predict the HU and yolk index of the Alabio duck egg. 

Studies on Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

The present Experiment entitled “Studies on correlation and path coefficient analysis in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.)” was carried out at Genetics and Plant Breeding Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya. The experimental material constituted thirtynine germplasm lines including four check varieties viz., HFB-1, Vikrant, Rebya-40 and Giza-4. The experiment was carried out in Augmented Block Design with five blocks. The results of path coefficient analysis using simple correlation coefficient revealed that the highest positive direct contribution towards seed yield per plant was exhibited by harvest index (0.836) followed by plant height (0.708) and biological yield per plant (0.471). The days to maturity (-0.578), pod per plant (-0.502), pod fertility percent (-0.188), days to maturity (-0.086) and seed perpod (-0.024) were the characters having substantial negative direct effect on seed yield per plant. The traits indicated above as crucial direct and indirect yield components merit due consideration in formulating selection strategy in faba bean for selection of high yielding varieties.

Assessing the Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Academic Performance Among Primary Three (3) Pupils in Kandahar Primary School Bauchi Metropolis in the Year 2021

The research study was carried out in Kandahar Community in Bauchi Metropolis on assessing the relationship between nutritional status and academic performance among primary 3 pupils. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and academic performance among primary 3 pupils in Kandahar Primary School in MajiDadi B ward in Bauchi metropolis. Kandahar ward was purposely selected because the area is known for poor academic achievement among primary school pupils year after year. The school record of academic performance of the children was obtained with the help of three assistant. Other socio-demographics used were sex where the female and male ratio was 60%:40% and age of the pupils. The research design used in this study was a correlational research design. The total number of primary 3 school pupils used in this study was 200. From this population, sample of 50 primary 3 pupils representing 25% of the target population was used in this study, based on simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection used in the study was measuring or attitude scale using height and weight of the children. Simple percentage and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used for analyzing the research questions. The result revealed that 30 males and 20 females were assessed and summary of the outcome shows that, 50% have normal growth pattern 30% are moderately stunted. It also reveals that children within the age of 8- 10 years are mostly affected. The finding in this study also reveals a strong relationship between nutritional status and academic performance of children which implies poor state of under-nutrition among the pupils who by these findings are liable to poor health outcome and compromise cognitive abilities. Improving the socio-economic status of parents will lend a helping hand in the academic performance of the students. Since balanced diet is associated with better

Pengaruh Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ice Cream (Studi Kasus di Mixue Yogyakarta)

Mixue is a drink outlet from China, which serves a variety of drink menus and also ice cream. This drink has so many branches spread across every provincial city and has quite a few fans, so the company must be really careful in setting prices that suit people's pockets. The aim of this research is to find out how influential price is on the decision to purchase Mixue products. This research uses a quantitative research method where data is collected using a questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents who are consumers of ice cream mixue products. Data collection in this research was carried out by distributing questionnaires and then processing them using simple linear regression analysis, T test, and correlation coefficient test. Based on the research results, it shows that price influences the decision to purchase Ice Cream Mixue products. This can be seen from the significance value of 0.001 < 0.05. Keywords: Price, Purchase Decision, Mixue products

Relationships between Temperature at Surface Level and in the Troposphere over the Northern Hemisphere

The thermal structure of the troposphere remains a hot topic, including modelling issues as well as temperature field simulations. This study evaluates the relationship between the air temperature at the Earth’s surface and the temperature of various layers of the troposphere over the Northern Hemisphere, as well as attempts to identify determinants of its variability. Vertical differentiation has been analyzed from the layer σ = 0.995 representing the surface (surface air temperature, SAT), up to an isobaric level of 300 hPa with a focus on the main pressure levels, i.e., 925 hPa, 850 hPa, 700 hPa, 500 hPa. The data were obtained from an NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with a resolution of 2.5 degrees latitude and longitude for the period 1961–2020. The relationship between the SAT and the temperature at each level was expressed using a simple but effective correlation coefficient by Pearson (PCC). These relationships obviously, according to Tobler’s law, weaken with an increasing altitude. However, the distribution of PCC (both horizontal and vertical) proves the impact of geographic factors associated with the relief and also with the surface itself (e.g., land cover). These factors are the main drivers of inversion layers and significantly disturb the straight vertical structure of the atmosphere. The research has shown a significant interannual differentiation of these interactions, as well as their spatial diversity in geographic space. The altitude–temperature relationship becomes weaker in all seasons, but much faster during summer and winter, relative to both spring and autumn.

A novel piecewise-linear method for detecting associations between variables.

Detecting the association between two variables is necessary and meaningful in the era of big data. There are many measures to detect the association between them, some detect linear association, e.g., simple and fast Pearson correlation coefficient, and others detect nonlinear association, e.g., computationally expensive and imprecise maximal information coefficient (MIC). In our study, we proposed a novel maximal association coefficient (MAC) based on the idea that any nonlinear association can be considered to be composed of some piecewise-linear ones, which detects linear or nonlinear association between two variables through Pearson coefficient. We conduct experiments on some simulation data, with the results show that the MAC has both generality and equitability. In addition, we also apply MAC method to two real datasets, the major-league baseball dataset from Baseball Prospectus and dataset of credit card clients' default, to detect the association strength of pairs of variables in these two datasets respectively. The experimental results show that the MAC can be used to detect the association between two variables, and it is computationally inexpensive and precise than MIC, which may be potentially important for follow-up data analysis and the conclusion of data analysis in the future.